Introduction
Trigger digits — commonly called trigger finger or trigger thumb — occur when a finger or thumb catches, locks, or “triggers” during movement. It is caused by inflammation and narrowing of the tendon sheath in the affected finger, making it difficult for the tendon to glide smoothly.
This condition can range from mild stiffness in the morning to painful locking that requires manual straightening of the finger. Early treatment can often resolve the problem before it worsens.
What Causes Trigger Digits?
Trigger digits develop when:
- The flexor tendon (which bends your finger or thumb) becomes irritated or swollen
- The tendon sheath (the tunnel within which the flexor tendon glides back and forth) thickens or narrows in size (e.g. due to wear & tear or aging-related arthritis), creating a tight spot
- A nodule forms on the tendon, catching during movement
Who Is at Risk?
You may be more likely to develop trigger digits if you:
- Perform repetitive gripping or hand-intensive work
- Have medical conditions such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis
- Have had previous hand injuries or tendon issues
Common Symptoms
- Pain and tenderness at the base of the affected finger or thumb
- Clicking or snapping sensation when bending or straightening
- Locking or catching of the digit, especially in the morning
- In severe cases, the finger may become stuck in a bent position, needing to be forcefully pulled to straighten, like pulling the trigger of a gun!
When to See a Specialist
You should seek assessment if you:
- Have persistent pain or stiffness in your fingers
- Experience locking that affects daily activities
- Notice worsening symptoms despite rest and self-care
Treatment Options for Trigger Digits
- Non-Surgical Management
- Activity modification to reduce repetitive strain
- Splinting with hand therapy input, to limit finger movement and rest the tendon
- Anti-inflammatory medication to reduce swelling
- Steroid injections into the tendon tunnel (sheath) to shrink inflammation — often very effective in early stages
- Surgical Treatment (Trigger Finger Release)
- Performed when symptoms persist or are severe
- The tight part of the tendon sheath (i.e. the roof of the tunnel where the tendon runs within) is released to allow smooth tendon gliding
- Usually done as a day procedure under local anaesthesia
- Quick recovery with improved movement almost immediately
Recovery After Surgery
- Light use of the hand within days
- Full movement typically returns within a few weeks
- Hand therapy is usually recommended to maximise function
- Low recurrence rate when performed by an experienced surgeon
Living With and Preventing Trigger Digits
- Avoid repetitive gripping where possible
- Take frequent breaks from hand-intensive activities
- Maintain good control of underlying medical conditions such as diabetes
- Seek early treatment to avoid long-term stiffness or joint changes
About Dr Paul Cheng
I’m Dr Paul Cheng, FRACS, a Specialist Plastic, Aesthetic & Reconstructive Surgeon based on the Gold Coast and in Ballina, NSW. I offer comprehensive treatment for soft tissue hand conditions, including trigger finger release, with a focus on restoring pain-free function.
If you are experiencing finger pain, locking, or stiffness, please book a consultation for an expert assessment.